A recent openSUSE tumbleweed:

-->
# cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="openSUSE Tumbleweed"
# VERSION="20230819"
--<

has entries to enable quota in /etc/fstab:

-->
# cat /etc/fstab 
UUID=e2c10d86-b086-4501-9142-2c0bb54108bb  /          ext4  usrquota,grpquota               0  1
UUID=3ba8d33f-3159-45f5-b458-e44a8f44171f  /mnt1      ext4  usrquota,grpquota,data=ordered  0  2
UUID=F558-7EE7                             /boot/efi  vfat  utf8                            0  2
UUID=ef3a5247-bceb-47fb-9934-837ac12f734f  /STORE     ext4  usrquota,grpquota,data=ordered  0  2
UUID=581aa75c-ec2c-41d6-84ed-68055471c33a  swap       swap  defaults                        0  0
UUID=b05177ba-4f53-4f98-9b59-5bd4d30d8c29  /mnt/rshare1 ext4  _netdev,usrquota,grpquota,data=ordered  0  2
--<


Running quotacheck on an rw mounted ext4 file system in order to recreate the aquota.* files results in an error:

-->
# quotaoff -ug /mnt1
# 
# ls -l /mnt1/
total 32
-rw------- 1 root root  6144 Aug 22 11:39 aquota.group
-rw------- 1 root root  6144 Aug 22 11:39 aquota.user
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Aug 21 14:42 bla
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jun 28 08:36 lost+found


# rm /mnt1/aquota.*
#

# umount /mnt1 && mount -o,rw /mnt1/

# quotacheck -ug /mnt1/
quotacheck: Cannot find filesystem to check or filesystem not mounted with quota option.
#

# ls -l /mnt1/
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Aug 21 14:42 bla
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jun 28 08:36 lost+found
--<

The test succeeds though, when the file system is mounted ro:

-->
# rm /mnt1/aquota.*
# 

# ls -l /mnt1/
total 16
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Aug 21 14:42 bla
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jun 28 08:36 lost+found

# umount /mnt1 && mount -o,ro /mnt1/
# 
# quotacheck -ug /mnt1/
quotacheck: Your kernel probably supports ext4 quota feature but you are using external quota files. Please switch your filesystem to use ext4 quota feature as external quota files on ext4 are deprecated. You can enable the feature by unmounting the file system and running 'tune2fs -O quota <device>'.
# 

# ls -l /mnt1/
total 32
-rw------- 1 root root  6144 Aug 23 12:24 aquota.group
-rw------- 1 root root  6144 Aug 23 12:24 aquota.user
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Aug 21 14:42 bla
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jun 28 08:36 lost+found
--<

This behaviour differs from the manpage states:


-->
quotacheck expects each filesystem to be checked to have quota files
       named [a]quota.user and [a]quota.group located at the root of the associated filesystem.  If a file is not present, quotacheck will create it.
[...]
To prevent this, quotacheck tries to remount the filesystem read-only before starting the scan.  After the scan is done it remounts the filesystem read-write.
--<

So, there seem to be 2 issues:

1. The error message when the fs is mounted rw indicates that there are no quot mount options, but they are:

-->
# quotacheck -ug /mnt1/
quotacheck: Cannot find filesystem to check or filesystem not mounted with quota option.
# 
# cat /proc/mounts | grep mnt1
/dev/vdc /mnt1 ext4 rw,relatime,quota,usrquota,grpquota,data=ordered 0 0


2. quotacheck apparently fails to remount the fs ro as stated in the manpage but it succeeds to remount the fs rw again after successful check:


# umount /mnt1 && mount -o,ro /mnt1/

# cat /proc/mounts | grep mnt1
/dev/vdc /mnt1 ext4 ro,relatime,quota,usrquota,grpquota,data=ordered 0 0

quotacheck -ug /mnt1/
quotacheck: Your kernel probably supports ext4 quota feature but you are using external quota files. Please switch your filesystem to use ext4 quota feature as external quota files on ext4 are deprecated. You can enable the feature by unmounting the file system and running 'tune2fs -O quota <device>'.

# cat /proc/mounts | grep mnt1
/dev/vdc /mnt1 ext4 rw,relatime,quota,usrquota,grpquota,data=ordered 0 0